What Is CRM? A Guide to CRM Types, Benefits, and Features

CRM helps businesses save time and improve their relationships with customers. Learn how they can help you meet your business goals.

Jul 12, 2023

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Building personal relationships with your customers is easy when your client base is small. You might know their goals, purchase histories, and perhaps even more personal details like their food allergies or holiday plans. However, as your business expands, things get more complicated. How do you ensure every client receives the same high standard of care? How do you provide personalized, relevant interactions when your customers number in the thousands?

Customer relationship management (CRM) software can help. CRM reduces your administrative burden and helps to improve customer experience—even as your business grows.

What is a CRM?

A customer relationship management system is a platform designed to help businesses manage and improve relationships with customers and potential customers. CRM collects and stores customer information, activity, and communications in a centralized and accessible database, replacing the spreadsheets, documents, and apps businesses often use to track customer data. You can use a CRM to plan outreach, analyze performance, manage customer interactions, and streamline billing and customer support processes.

What are the benefits of a CRM?

CRM provides two major benefits: increased internal efficiency (which can decrease business costs) and improved relationships with customers (which can increase revenue). In other words, implementing a CRM solution can help you widen your profit margins.

Increased internal efficiency

Improved customer relationships

CRM software can improve customer experience, making it easier to attract new customers and improving your customer retention rate. Here are five ways a CRM can improve your customer relationships:

Four types of CRM systems

  1. Operational CRM systems
  2. Analytical CRM systems
  3. Collaborative CRM systems
  4. Strategic CRM systems

There are four main types of CRM systems: operational, analytical, collaborative, and strategic. Each is designed to meet a specific business goal. Many businesses use multiple CRM systems or develop a custom CRM solution that combines elements of each system. Here’s how these four CRM systems differ:

1. Operational CRM systems

Operational CRM are designed to help execute sales, marketing, and customer service functions. They help streamline and manage all the ways your company interacts with customers.

The main goal of this type of operational CRM is improving customer acquisition and retention: they help generate new leads, nurture them, convert them into customers, and retain them through ongoing marketing communications and high-quality customer service.

Businesses of all sizes use operational CRM systems and frequently enable time-saving CRM automations, including:

2. Analytical CRM systems

Whereas an operational CRM system helps get leads into your sales funnel, an analytical CRM system enables you to understand how your prospects are moving through your sales funnel.

Analytical CRM systems capture, store, and analyze customer data to provide insights into how customers interact with your business, allowing you to assess the effectiveness of marketing, sales, and customer service efforts and adjust your strategy accordingly. You might run a report on six recent marketing campaigns, analyze the data to gauge their efficacy, and model future campaigns on the winning example’s tactics.

Analytical CRM can also run performance reports, such as sales history and customer service satisfaction scores, allowing you to leverage the strengths of high-performing team members and identify areas for employee development.

Analytical CRM are used by businesses of all sizes and are particularly valuable for those focused on improving their customer relationship management practices.

3. Collaborative CRM systems

In a large business, sales, marketing, and customer support teams frequently collaborate on client accounts. The main goal of a collaborative CRM is to improve customer experience and streamline business processes by facilitating communication between departments.

Collaborative CRM are particularly popular with large businesses—companies with large customer bases in which multiple people service individual client accounts. Here’s an example of how communication between departments might play out over a customer life cycle:

  1. A sales team member gathers information on a new lead at an event and uploads it to the CRM database.
  2. A marketing team member inputs the new lead into an automated marketing campaign.
  3. When your sales team member reaches out with a follow-up call, they can see the customer’s entire history with your company, from the initial conversation at the event to their engagement with marketing materials.
  4. Your new customer makes a purchase, automatically prompting a customer service call to thank them for their business.
  5. The customer submits a customer request, which notifies a customer service representative via the CRM. Because the customer service agent has access to the customer’s entire marketing, sales, and customer service history, they can resolve the issue quickly.

4. Strategic CRM systems

Strategic CRM are sometimes lumped in with collaborative CRM and provide many of the same features. The difference is that while collaborative CRM focuses on immediate improvements, strategic CRM concentrates on long-term customer engagement. Their main goal is to support customer retention and increase customer loyalty.

Strategic CRM collects information about customer needs and priorities to provide value to your client base. For example, they might tell you which communications channels specific customers prefer to use. They’re handy for businesses requiring long-term customer relationship management, such as an IT company that provides clients with ongoing data management services.

How to use CRM software in your business

  1. Identify your goals
  2. Choose a CRM
  3. Set up your CRM
  4. Implement tactics
  5. Analyze reports

1. Identify your goals

Do you want to streamline communications between your sales and marketing teams? Improve customer retention? Evaluate a potential product launch? Answering these questions before choosing a CRM system helps ensure that it will meet your needs.

2. Choose a CRM

Once you’ve identified your goals, choose a CRM type—operational, analytical, collaborative, or strategic—research CRM providers, and select a vendor.

3. Set up your CRM

Download the application, grant access to appropriate employees or company members, import company and client data into the CRM database, and integrate your CRM with your existing tools and platforms.

4. Implement tactics

With your CRM set up, use its features to execute tactics, like an automated email marketing campaign or an improved customer service program.

5. Analyze reports

Use your CRM to produce reports, analyze data, and adjust your tactics accordingly.

CRM FAQ

What is a CRM, with an example?

A customer relationship management (CRM) system is a software application to help business owners build and maintain customer relationships. HubSpot is an example of a CRM. HubSpot CRM supports sales, marketing, customer service, and operations functions.

What are the different types of CRM?

There are four main types of CRM systems:

What is CRM used for?

CRM is used to improve customer relationships. They provide a secure, organized, low-touch storage system for customer information and help businesses efficiently provide personalized, relevant communications to their customers.